However, Chinese experts have argued that due to their similar appearances, it is challenging to differentiate individual pandas from infrared camera photos. Additionally, DNA analysis requires fresh panda feces, making it impractical for large-scale operations and unable to reflect the total panda population nationwide.

"The survey methods used by Chinese giant panda experts have a complete process flowchart and calculation method, and are currently the most reliable among existing methods," Xu said.

"We are also exploring new technologies for giant panda population assessment and individual identification. With advancements in technology, especially the application of artificial intelligence, big data and the emergence of new equipment, future panda surveys will be more efficient, and population assessments will be more accurate," he added.