2. Institutional opening-up

China launched the first negative list of foreign investment access in the Pilot Free Trade Zones with 190 restrictive measures in 2013. Now the restrictive measures have been cut to just 27 items.

The management model of the negative list for foreign investment was promoted nationwide in 2016 and the restrictive measures were reduced from the original 93 items to the current 31.

With the implementation of the Foreign Investment Law in 2020, a new foreign investment management system was launched. The first negative list for cross-border trade in services was launched in South China's Hainan province in 2021, bringing China's institutional opening-up to a new level.